Explicit verbal cues that tell listeners where you are in your argument and where you're going — "there are three things I want to cover; first…" or "let me give you the bottom line, then the reasoning." Signposting is one of the highest-leverage communication skills in meetings: it costs the speaker a few seconds and saves the listener significant cognitive load. Without signposting, listeners have to infer your structure from context; with it, they can budget attention and ask better questions. For non-native English speakers, signposting is especially valuable — it makes your message robust to imperfect pronunciation or grammar, because listeners know what to listen for. The opposite of signposting is stream-of-consciousness, where the speaker thinks out loud and the listener has to assemble the structure themselves.